As a rare Chinese medicinal material, the cultivation of fritillaria cirrhosa must strictly follow specific technical specifications and ecological environment requirements. This article systematically analyzes its planting technology and ecological needs from the dimensions of site selection, land preparation, sowing, field management, pest and disease control, and ecological environment adaptability.
Fritillaria cirrhosa likes a cool, humid climate, is cold-resistant, and avoids high temperatures and strong sunlight. Its growth altitude is mostly in high-altitude mountainous areas with an altitude of 3200 to 4500 meters, and the soil types are mainly brown soil, dark brown soil and alpine meadow soil. These areas have low temperatures, high humidity, and large temperature differences between day and night, providing an ideal growth environment for fritillaria cirrhosa. If planted in low-altitude or high-temperature areas, the plants are prone to withering due to excessive temperatures, so it is necessary to choose leeward shady mountains or semi-shady mountains to ensure that the average annual temperature does not exceed 15℃ and the underground temperature does not exceed 25℃.
The planting site must have the characteristics of deep soil, loose texture, and rich humus. The unripe land needs to be planted with a season of hemp in advance to mature the soil and improve the structure. When selecting a site, it should be kept away from wheat crops to prevent cross-infection of rust. The soil pH value should be controlled between 6.5 and 7.5. Soil fertility and water retention should be improved by adding fertilizers such as decomposed organic fertilizers, superphosphate and oil cakes.
Seeds need to be post-ripened: shelled seeds are mixed with fine humus soil in a ratio of 1:1 and placed in a cool and humid environment for 40 days; threshed seeds are mixed with humus soil in a ratio of 1:4 and stored. The sowing time is preferably from September to October, and row sowing, broadcast sowing or spot sowing are used, with a seed rate of 2 to 2.5 kg per mu. After sowing, it is necessary to cover with 3 cm thick humus soil and build a shade shed to ensure that the shade degree reaches more than 70% in the first year.
Proper shade should be maintained during the growth period to avoid direct sunlight. Weeds should be removed frequently during the seedling stage to prevent competition with Fritillaria for nutrients.
1-2 year old plants are afraid of drought, so they need to be watered in time to keep the soil moist; after a long rain, they need to be drained to prevent waterlogging and root rot.
Rust needs to be sprayed with pesticides such as triadimefon and sodium dimethoate; damping-off needs to pay attention to drainage and ventilation, and Bordeaux liquid should be sprayed at the early stage of the disease; root rot needs to be removed in time and disinfected with lime water.
Underground pests such as grubs and cutworms can be watered with tobacco leaves or mixed with chlordane emulsifiable concentrate; wireworms need to be mixed with phoxim before sowing.
Domestic fritillaria cirrhosa needs to grow for 3 to 4 years before it can be harvested, while wild fritillaria is harvested during the flowering period or when the fruit is ripe. When harvesting, it is necessary to dig it out along the roots with a shovel, remove the soil and impurities, and cut off the flower stems and fibrous roots. The processing methods include drying and water processing. Drying needs to be dried in a cool and ventilated place to avoid composting; water processing needs to be boiled and then cooked on low heat until it becomes soft, peeled and sliced, and then dried.
The cultivation of fritillaria cirrhosa must follow the principle of eco-friendliness and avoid excessive reclamation and fertilizer abuse. A crop rotation system can be adopted to rotate with gramineous crops to reduce the accumulation of diseases. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of wild resources to prevent excessive mining and resource depletion. Through scientific planting and ecological management, the sustainable development of the fritillaria cirrhosa industry can be achieved.
The cultivation of fritillaria cirrhosa requires precise grasp of ecological environmental requirements and technical specifications. From site selection, sowing to harvesting and processing, every link must be strictly controlled. Through scientific management and ecological protection, the yield and quality of fritillaria cirrhosa can be improved, and the healthy development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry can be promoted.
